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Traumatic intracranial hematoma progresses rapidly and may cause quick increase of intracranial pressure and even brain hernia, ultimately leading to coma or death. Therefore, traumatic intracranial hematoma needs prompt treatment, but the prerequisite of treatment is early examination and diagnosis. Due to the limited transportation and other reasons, the existing large-scale detection devices such as CT and MRI cannot be deployed on the rescue site or during patient transportation. Instead, the portable diagnosis devices have the characteristics of miniaturization and high flexibility, which is conducive to promoting early detection, assisting diagnosis and further guiding the formulation of treatment plans. At present, more and more attention has been paid to the portable diagnosis devices in the diagnosis of intracranial hematoma. The authors summarized the conventional diagnosis methods and application of portable diagnosis devices for traumatic intracranial hematoma, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematoma.
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Glioma remains the most common malignant tumor in the brain and is also the most difficult to treat. Immunotherapy achieving long-lasting tumor remission in multiple cancer types has received considerable attention due to its potential to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with glioma. However, clinical trials have not yet demonstrated major improvements in prognoses, which might be attributable to the extrinsic components and intrinsic mechanisms involved in the tumor microenvironment and immune system. It is particularly noteworthy that there is emerging evidence that current routine treatment modalities and the physical and psychological characteristics of patients have different impacts on the efficacy of glioma immunotherapy. This article addresses how these factors interact with the host immune system and tumor microenvironment, and highlights their potential roles in glioma immunotherapy, with the ultimate goal of developing better immunotherapybased personalized medicine strategies.
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Objective@#To analyze the plague monitoring results in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018, to master the changes in rat density and the prevalence of plague in rats, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague.@*Methods@#According to "The Plague Monitoring Scheme of Inner Mongolia", we surveyed Siziwang Banner, Chahar Right Back Banner, Huade County, and Shangdu County of Ulanqab City from April to November 2018 to monitor the plague. Rat density was surveyed using a one-day bow clamp method; small rodent was surveyed using a 5 m clamping method. Rodents were obtained by sample method, 5 m clamping method, daily method, collecting dead animals and the like, and fleas were picked up from the captured rats and rat nest. The rodents and fleas were carried out pathogen detection, the serum of rodents was tested by indirect hemagglutination test. Laboratory test results were analyzed based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Plague" (WS 279-2008).@*Results@#Totally 1 463 mice were captured overlapping a monitored area of 416 hm2, the average rat density was 3.52 per hectare; the number of Meriones unguiculatus was 1 235, and the rat density was 2.97 per hectare. Totally 1 603 mice were grooming, 404 mice with fleas, the flea infected rate was 25.20%, the number of fleas were 1 348, and the flea index was 0.84. A total of 22 mouse nests were dug, 17 nests with fleas, the flea infected rate was 77.27%, the number of fleas were 131, and the flea index was 5.95. Totally 1 603 rodents were checked by etiology, the results showed that 7 plague rats were all Meriones unguiculatus. Totally 1 479 fleas of 581 groups were cultured, 14 fleas of 5 groups were detected, 3 fleas of 1 group in Siziwang Banner, and 11 fleas of 4 groups in Huade County. Totally 243 samples of murine animal serum were tested and the results were all negative.@*Conclusions@#The epidemic of plague in Ulanqab City is in an active state, so monitoring should be strengthened in this area to prevent the prevalence of human plague.
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Objective To analyze the plague monitoring results in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018,to master the changes in rat density and the prevalence of plague in rats,and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague.Methods According to "The Plague Monitoring Scheme of Inner Mongolia",we surveyed Siziwang Banner,Chahar Right Back Banner,Huade County,and Shangdu County of Ulanqab City from April to November 2018 to monitor the plague.Rat density was surveyed using a one-day bow clamp method;small rodent was surveyed using a 5 m clamping method.Rodents were obtained by sample method,5 m clamping method,daily method,collecting dead animals and the like,and fleas were picked up from the captured rats and rat nest.The rodents and fleas were carried out pathogen detection,the serum of rodents was tested by indirect hemagglutination test.Laboratory test results were analyzed based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Plague" (WS 279-2008).Results Totally 1 463 mice were captured overlapping a monitored area of 416 hm2,the average rat density was 3.52 per hectare;the number of Meriones unguiculatus was 1 235,and the rat density was 2.97 per hectare.Totally 1 603 mice were grooming,404 mice with fleas,the flea infected rate was 25.20％,the number of fleas were 1 348,and the flea index was 0.84.A total of 22 mouse nests were dug,17 nests with fleas,the flea infected rate was 77.27％,the number of fleas were 131,and the flea index was 5.95.Totally 1 603 rodents were checked by etiology,the results showed that 7 plague rats were all Meriones unguiculatus.Totally 1 479 fleas of 581 groups were cultured,14 fleas of 5 groups were detected,3 fleas of 1 group in Siziwang Banner,and 1 1 fleas of 4 groups in Huade County.Totally 243 samples of murine animal serum were tested and the results were all negative.Conclusions The epidemic of plague in Ulanqab City is in an active state,so monitoring should be strengthened in this area to prevent the prevalence of human plague.
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Glioma is a highly lethal malignancy and multiple challenges remain for it in the genomic study and clinical treatment.Next-generation sequencing (NGS) holds many advantages,and NGS can comprehensively analyze the whole genome,exome,transcriptome and epigenome to deepen the understanding of tumor genomics;and now,it has been successfully applied in the clinical study of some tumors,especially in personalized treatment for these tumors.At present,NGS has also been a hot in glioma research to clarify the pathogenesis of glioma,so as to draw up a personalized treatment method to benefit the patients.
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Objective To study the comprehensive hospital patients with psychological health department liaison consultation characteristics of the factors to cause delirium.Methods General hospital in 102 patients of psychological health department liaison consultation,this paper analyzed the factors which cause delirium.Results 102 cases(63 males and 39 females),the sex ratio was 1 :0.62;Men's and women's average age had no statistical difference(t =1.866,P =0.087 ).Age or age:70 ~ 79years,80 ~ 89 years of age to delirium patients were 39.26%,30.39% respectively.Delirium distribution respectively the main cause of the central nervous system disease,acute vascular disease,infection,disorder of digestion and absorption,anemia,endocrine metabolic disorders, acute metabolic disorders,trauma,surgery,spirit of active substances and non addictive drugs,etc.;Cause delirium in first place of the central nervous system disease,the etiology of acute vascular disease and infection of 29 cases respec-tively(28.43%),11 cases(10.78%),16 cases(15.69%).Additional surgery,spirit of active substances and non addictive drugs were 11 cases(10.78%),13 cases(12.75%),2 cases(1.96%).Many kinds of disease:102 patients with each with 1 ~7 kinds of diseases,the average (4.09 ±1.56)kinds.Share of drug species:102 patients in each oral 0 ~8 kinds of drugs,to average (5.86 ±1.52)kinds.Conclusion Comprehensive hospital patients with age or age group,the main factors to cause delirium etiology,patients with various diseases and share related species of drugs,disease complex,such as strengthening contact consultation for clinical sense.
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Objective To investigate the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) alone or combined with trichostatin A(TSA) on cell proliferation, promoter methylation and mRNA expression level of PDX-1 gene in pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose toxicity. Method NIT-1 cells were treated in vitro by high glucose (33.3 mmol/L), then divided into five groups, control group, HG grpup, 5-Aza-dC treatment group, TSA interfere group and 5-Aza-dC + TSA group. Proliferation of NIT-1 cells, insulin secretion, promoter methylation and mRNA expression of PDX-1 gene were detected respectively. Results 5-Aza-dC and TSA alone or in combination could promote cell proliferation and recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells , could also reduce PDX-1 gene methylation and enhance expression of PDX-1 mRNA. Compared with single-treatment group , combined group was significantly different (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 5-Aza-dC and TSA could activate the expression of PDX-1 and, then recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells induced by high glucose. Combination of them had synergistic effect.
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Objective To study the impact and mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM) on mobi-lization of hematopoietic stem cells of multiple myeloma( MM) .Methods 48 patients diagnosed with MM whose hematopoietic stem cells were collected entered the study, including 15 cases with DM, and 33 cases without DM.29 were males and 19 were females, with 55.2 as the median age, ranging from 41 to 63 years.We ob-served numbers of CD34 +cells collected, CD11c positive cells and CD206 positive cells in bone marrow, then the ratio of CD11c/CD206 was considered as the ratio of M1 macrophages/M2 macrophages, in the end we explored the relevance of macrophage polarization status with the number of CD34 +cells collected.Results ①The num-ber of CD34 +cells collected in MM patients was(4.63 ±1.75) ×106/kg, while the number in MM patients with DM was(3.12 ±1.84) ×106/kg.The number of CD34 +in MM group was significantly higher than that in the MM with DM group(P<0.05).②CD11c/CD206 cell ratio in MM patients was 1.42 ±0.16, while the ratio was 3.08 ±0.37 in MM patients with DM, indicating that MΦM1 polarization occurred in the MM with DM group.③CD11c/CD206 cell ratio was 2.87 ±0.42 in 6 patients whose stem cell collection number was less than 2 ×106/kg, the ratio was 1.91 ±0.28 in 14 patients whose stem cell collection number was between 2 ×106/kg and 5 × 106/kg, and the ratio was 1.48 ±0.25 in 8 patients whose stem cell collection number was more than 5 ×106/kg.There were significant differences in these 3 groups( P<0.05) , indicating that macrophage polarization and the number of stem cell collection was relevant.Conclusions DM is unfavorable factor in stem cell mobilization and collection of multiple myeloma, it may be related to macrophages M1 polarization induced by diabetes.
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Objective To study the granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) and granulocyte macro-phage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF) in complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) patients with den-dritic cells(DC)changes in the function and its subsets .Methods 36 cases of complete remission according to AML patients were randomly divided into 3 groups,G group was given G-CSF 200g/d,subcutaneous injection ,GM group were given GM-CSF 200g/d,subcutaneous injection ,the control group were injected with normal saline .The curative effects were compared.Results The expression of G in group DC,CD83 and CD86 on surface of CD80 were lower than that in GM group and C group (t=4.34,5.43,4.54,4.54,5.25,3.54,all P<0.05),GM group,DC expression of CD11c was higher than that of G group and C group (t=4.54,4.27,all P<0.05).G group and GM group DC in promoting lymphocyte proliferation were higher than those in C group (t=4.54,5.64,all P<0.05);group GM DC to promote the ability of CD4 +T lymphocyte proliferation was higher than that of G group (t=3.54,P<0.05).ELISA assay,GM group DC secretion of IL-12 than that of group G and C group;group G DC secretion of IL-10 was higher than that of GM group and C group (t=3.54.4.23,4.32,3.87,all P<0.05).Conclusion G-CSF and GM-CSF can make the complete remission in patients with AML subgroup DC shift ,the bias of G-CSF DC2 and certain immuno-suppressive effect ,while GM-CSF DC subsets of DC 1 and promotes cell immune deviation .
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Objective To improve the teaching quality of Sex and Reproductive Health for college students.Methods From February 2008 to June 2010,the general elective course of SeX and reproductive health were offered for students from all the majors in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.The lessons were conducted in the form of lectures,group discussions,role-plays and debates.The self-designed questionnaires were respectively given out after the first class and at the end of the last class in order to have an understanding of the rate of the relevant knowledge known by the students and their suggestions.Results The rate of the relevant knowledge known by the students significantly increased.Some suggestions about the educational reform were received through questionnaire and educational feedback.Conclusion The reproductive health service is needed for college students.Group discussions and role-plays are ideal methods for interactive teaching.
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P-450-dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid and the products of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been demonstrated to be involved in angiogenesis and tumor progression. This study examined the expression of EETs and the role of the pathway in the angiogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). MM cell lines of U266 and RPMI8226 were cultured, and the EETs levels (11, 12-EET and 14, 15-EET) in the supernatant were determined by ELISA. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and used for analysis of the angiogenesis activity of the two MM cell lines, which was examined both in vitro and in vivo by employing MTT, chemotaxis, tube formation and matrigel plug assays. 11, 12-EET and 14, 15-EET were found in the supernatant of the cultured MM cells. The levels of the two EETs in the supernatant of U266 cells were significantly higher than those in the RPMI8226 cell supernatant (P<0.05), and the levels paralleled the respective angiogenesis activity of the two different MM cell lines. 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA), as a specific inhibitor of P450 enzyme, suppressed HUVECs proliferation and tube formation induced by MM cells. Furthermore, 17-ODYA decreased the EET levels in the supernatant of MM cells. These results suggest that EETs may play an important role in the angiogenesis of MM, and the inhibitor 17-ODYA suppresses this effect.
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ObjectiveTo develop the interacting learning mode in simulative situation on sex and health courses for college students and evaluate the effect of it.MethodsThe core curriculum for general education of sex and health was open to all the students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University from Feb.2010 to Jun.2011.The courses imported simulative-situation-learning method.At the end of the semester,the feedbaick and the suggestion of the students were collected and sorted.ResultsAll groups from the course involved the simulative situation seriously,which included homosexuality of college students,undesired pregnancy and contraception knowledge,etc.According to the feedback of the courses,most of the students acceptted this kind of teaching method.ConclusionInteracting learning in simulative situation can obviously increase the interest and enthusiasm of students.Meanwhile,the new courses not only improve students' understanding of knowledge,but also improve their communication skills and team work ability.
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BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stem cells can be induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and facilitate establishment of compensatory circulation, so as so improve blood supply of ischemic tissues. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) transplantation in the treatment of diabetic vascular disorder in the lower extremities and diabetic feet. DESIGN: Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuban, Hubei Province, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 89 patients with type 2 diabetic vascular disorder in the lower extremity were enrolled from Department of Endocrinology in Wuhan Central Hospital from July 2005 to may 2007. All cases matched the criteria of diabetes by WHO in 1999, and complicated with diabetic peripheral angiopathy and diabetic feet. They included 61 males and 28 females, aged 45-90 years, with an average age of 67. Lesion was mainly located in lower extremities, 54 patients with foot ulcers while 8 patients with gangrene. All the patients signed the informed consents, and the experiment was approved by the hospital ethics committee. Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor was purchased from China Kunpeng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.METHODS: Stem cell mobilization: 89 patients all received recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, 500-600 μg per day by hypodermic injection for 5 days to mobilize stem cells. On the fifth day. PBSCs were collected with a total amount of 83-103mL. The number of mononuclear cells was (1.86-3.39)×1011L-1,while the proportion of CD34 positive cells was 0.55%-1.36%. PBSCs transplantation: After patients were treated with intravenous anesthesia, PBSCs were injected into the ischemic lower extremity and foot intramuscularly at 3cm×3cm distance. The clinical and laboratory findings were monitored from the first day to the sixth month.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were evaluated before transplantation, and in the first, third and sixth months after transplantation, including affected limb pain, cool feeling, intermittent claudication, ankle brachial index (ABI), limb skin temperature and deep feeling. Color Doppler. CT and digital subtraction angiography were applied to detect lower extremities morphous.RESULTS: All 89 included patients were involved in the result analysis. Scores of clinical symptom: The affected limb pain, cool feeling, and intermittent claudication were all improved significantly after PBSCs transplantation (P<0.05),and the improvement was more evident with time extension. ABI: After PBSCs transplantation, ABI in patients increased significantly by different degrees with the time extension(P0.05). Skin temperature and deep feeling: Limb skin temperature increased significantly after transplantation (P<0.05), and deep feeling seemed to be improved, but the change was not significant(P0.05). Imaging determination: There was no obvious change after transplantation checking of lower extremity by color Doppler. But CT and digital subtraction angiography results showed lower extremities in 23 patients had new collateral vessels formation with different degrees.CONCLUSION: Autologous PBSCs transplantation can increase blood flow of lower extremities in patients with diabetic vascular disorder in the lower extremities and diabetic feet, and promote the angiogenesis in lower extremity of partial patients.
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Objective To study the effect and possible role of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Various concentration of rhEPO was added to the culture system of EPCs from 20 DN patients (DN group) and 20 normal people (control group). MTT assays were used to detect the proliferative rate, Annexin V/PI stains to detect the apoptotic rate, and Western blot assays to detect the expression level of Akt protein kinase. Results Proliferative ability of EPCs from control group and DN group was improved when concentration of rhEPO was 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kU/L, and it was dose-dependent. The effect from the latter was more obvious. The apoptotic rate of DN group was lowered and the expression levels of Akt protein kinase were upregulated when the concentration of rhEPO was 1.2 kU/L, while this kind of effect was blocked after Wortmannin was added to the culture system. Conclusion rhEPO can improve the number and function of EPCs from both healthy volunteers and patients with DN. PI3K/Akt pathway may play an important role.
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AIM: To investigate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity on the allogeneic T-lymphocyte responses.METHODS: MSCs were isolated and cultured from human bone marrow. Selected surface markers of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry and their morphologic characteristics were determined by microscopy. The pluripotentiality of MSCs was also studied. IDO mRNA and IDO protein expressions in MSCs induced by γ-interferon (IFN-γ) at the concentration of 2×105 U/L were detected. MSCs induced by IFN-γ at the concentration of 2×105 U/L were plated in dishes and then mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures were set up. T-lymphocytes proliferation was determined by MTT assays and IDO activity was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: IFN-γ could stimulate IDO mRNA and IDO protein expressions in MSCs. IDO enzyme activity in induced MSCs inhibited T-lymphocyte proliferation of MLR cultures. CONCLUSION: MSCs could suppress T-lymphocyte responses via IDO enzyme activity in vitro.
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AIM: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only method to cure hematologic disease. This article analyzes risky factors as to suffering and development of diabetes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for malignant hemopathy. METHODS: ①Sixteen patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were enrolled at the Wuhan Central Hospital from January 2003 to February 2007. They were divided into diabetic (n=6) and non-diabetic (n=11) groups with an average age of 45.2 years. ②The interrelationship between occurrences of diabetes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and patients' age, symptom before operations (times of chemotherapy, times of large amount of dosage for intensifying treatment, status of blood pressure, sugar tolerance), immunosuppressant, dosage and time of cortex incretion as well as effect of diabetes on patients. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included in the final analysis ①5 cases of diabetes occurred after surgery; patients with abnormal sugar tolerance before surgery possessed a higher rates of occurrence of diabetes than those with normal sugar tolerance; ②Those patients of older than 40 years and who had taken in sugar-containing cortex incretion during chemotherapy also possessed a comparatively higher rates of occurrence of diabetes; Patients whose intake of cortex incretion have being cancelled after half a year of transplantation possessed an obviously lower rates of occurrence of diabetes than those intake of cortex incretion had being cancelled within half a year of transplanting operation. ③ Application of immunosuppressant and plasma drug concentration had no affect on occurrence of diabetes in both groups. ④No evident effect of infection rate of cytomegalovirus was detected in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: Those patients that are older than 40 years and who have taken in sugar-containing cortex incretion during chemotherapy and with abnormal sugar tolerance as well as taking in sugar-containing cortex incretion to prevent occurrence of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) possess relatively higher rates of occurrence of diabetes.
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Objective To search the immune-mechanism of Graves disease,and get known the function of regulatory T cell in its occurrence.Methods Flow cytometry were used to detect the proportion of CD_4~+CD_(25)~+ T cells in 32 Graves disease patients(GD group) and 20 healthy volunteers(control group).MACS were used to isolate CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of FOXP3 of them,and ELISA to detect the level of IL-10.Results There was no significant change of proportion of CD_4~+CD_(25)~+ T cells between GD group and control group(P=0.804),while expression level of FOXP3 mRNA and secretion level of IL-10 in GD group were lower than those in control group(P
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To isolate and culture adipose stromal cells (ASCs), and study the effect of cytokines secreted by ASCs on endothelial cells, human adipose tissue was digested with collagenase type I solution and ASCs were derived by culture. The cells surface phenotype was examined by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect the secretion of VEGF, HGF, SDF-1 alpha and RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of their mRNA. Then the ASC medium was utilized to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells ECV304. Cells were counted by hemacytometer to determine the proliferation and Annexin V/ PI was employed for the examination of the apoptosis rate of ECV304. ASCs were derived by culture and expressed CD34, CD105 while they did not express CD31 or CD45. ASCs secreted cytokines such as VEGF, HGF and SDF-1 alpha so the ASC medium could stimulate proliferation and counteract apoptosis of endothelial cells (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 mRNA was also found to be up-regulated in the endothelial cells. It is concluded that ASCs can secrete cytokines and has significant effect on the proliferation of endothelial cells and apoptosis.
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The immune mechanism of Graves' diseases (GD) and the roles of regulator T cells were investigated. In 32 patients with GD (GD group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group), flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD4+CD25+ cells, MACS to isolate CD4+ CD25+ cells, RT-PCR to assay the expression of FOXP3, and ELISA to test the level of IL-10, respectively. It was found that there was no significant change in the proportion of CD4+CD25+ T cells between GD group and control group (P>0.05), while secretion of IL-10 and expression of FOXP3 in GD group were lower than control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, though the proportion of regulatory T cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the patients with GD, the functions of them were significantly weakened, which might be a pathogenic factor in GD.
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To isolate and culture adipose stromal cells (ASCs), and study the effect of cytokines secreted by ASCs on endothelial cells, human adipose tissue was digested with collagenase type Ⅰ solution and ASCs were derived by culture. The cells surface phenotype was examined by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect the secretion of VEGF, HGF, SDF-1 α and RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of their mRNA. Then the ASC medium was utilized to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells ECV304. Cells were counted by hemacytometer to determine the proliferation and Annexin V/PI was employed for the examination of the apoptosis rate of ECV304. ASCs were derived by culture and expressed CD34, CD105 while they did not express CD31 or CD45. ASCs secreted cytokines such as VEGF, HGF and SDF-1 α so the ASC medium could stimulate proliferation and counteract apoptosis of endothelial cells (P＜0.05). Bcl-2 mRNA was also found to be up-regulated in the endothelial cells. It is concluded that ASCs can secrete cytokines and has significant effect on the proliferation of endothelial cells and apoptosis.